SUMMARY*
Khol’ushkin Yu. P., Rostovtsev P. S. The problem of
the statistical reasons of criteria of recognizing of the mousterian fasciae on
the territory of the Middle Asia.
The paper is devoted to revealing of some standardized models of the
scientific explanation in archaeology. Such work was directed to elaboration of
the research technique of the objective, systematic and quantitative
description of the content of the investigators’ “creative kitchen”.
In the framework of this elaboration, the authors tried to identify the
main standards, on which archaeologist’s thought is based in the process of
search and analysis of tendencies in the empirical data.
In this case, their main aim was to answer the following questions: How
are the local groups recognized? What are the criteria of such recognizing? What
is the way of logical breaking up of the whole complex of the mousterian sites?
Was such breaking up made in the truly speculative manner? Or was a series of
variable quantities, with precise quantitative characteristics, used for
recognizsing of the groups mentioned above?
Kubarev V. D. A burial of the Early Scythian time on
the Karakol River.
In this information, the materials of the unique and the only one in the
Altai burial of the Early Scythian time are published. This human burial was
investigated on the Karakol River, in the Onghudai Skiy District. A man was
buried in a deep grave-pit in the burial construction of gravestones, under the
stone embankment. The burial itself closely resembles the analogous ones of
Mayemir, Solnechnyy, Chernovaya, Irishkin Log, et al., but differs from them in
some peculiarities of the ceremonial rites.<%0> The finds from Karakol
are examined and dated. The analogies from the synchronous sites of Kazakhstan
and Tuva are given too. For the first time, in the early Scythian burial mound,
articles made of iron have been found. The latter and the traditional
bridle-set allow to relate the burial to the VIth century B.C.
Khud’akov Yu. S., Kocheev V. A. An ancient Turkic
mummified burial in the Chatyr Country, near the Zhana-Aul Village, in the
Mountain Altai.
In the paper, the finds from the mummified burial of a woman with a
horse relating to the culture of ancient Turks are investigated. This burial
was discovered during the building works in the Chatyr Country, near the
Zhana-Aul Village, in the Kosh-Agach District of the Altai Republic. The
peculiarities of the funeral rite and the accompanying inventory discovered in
the process of study of the examined site are described. The accompanying
inventory includes articles of harness, everyday utensils and the private
adornments of the buried. The analysis of the finds allowed to relate this
burial to the Kudyrghin time, which accords with the period of existence of the
First Turkic Khanate, the VIth-VIIIth centuries A. D.
Medvedev V. Ye., Malakhov V. V., Boldyreva N. N.,
Vlasov A. A., Kundo L. P., Ovs’annikova I. A., Revutskaya G. K. About the
chemical composition of the metallic articles from the sites of the Chouzhen
Culture of the Cis-Amur Area.
In the paper, the results of investigation of the element composition of
the metallic articles from three burial grounds (Nadezhdinskiy, Dubovskiy,
Kamenushkinskiy) are given. All the burial grounds relate to the Chouzhen
Culture of the Cis-Amur Area (the IXth-XIth centuries A. D.).
At the first stage, by the X-ray and fluorescent spectroscopy method the
observation half-quantitative element analysis was carried out. In their
element composition the articles have been subdivided into four groups. These
are mostly made of bronze, with great share of tin, lead, zinc and silver, and
of alloys, with iron and silver taken as their base. The quantitative analysis
of 20 elements has demonstrated the diversity of the chemical composition of
the metallic articles. The same is also typical for another Far-Eastern
archacological culture – the Pohai one, in the Maritime Region.
Larichev V. Ye. The cosmographic panel from the “Well”
of Lascaux (the ecliptical and equatorial constellations in the Stone Age art).
The paper is devoted to the geometrical, calendar-astronomical and
astralo-mythological aspects of the famous composition from the “Well” of
Lascaux (France). In the author’s opinion, this composition consists of the
graphic embodiments of constellations: the ecliptical (Taurus, Jemini) and
equatorial (Orion, Great Dog, first of all Sirius or the Dog Star) ones,
located along both sides of the Milky Way.
V. Ye. Larichev suggegts the new methodical and analytical ways of
analysis, allowing to interpret the content of the subject of the
above-mentioned composition, created by the Old Stone Age artists in the
manner, which cannot be called the traditional one (see his publications in the
same Journal: 1995, ¹<|>3, pp. 3<197>12; 1996, ¹<|>3, pp.
54-62). In this case, “reading” at the paleoastronomical visual angle of the of
many figures scene, connected not with the mobiliary but the cave-art, is
meant.
Yezhov V. S. To solution of the problem of genesis of
the aesthetical consciousness of ancient man.
Investigators’ interest to the hoary antiquity is an invariable paradox
of the modern science. In the aesthetic science, the problem of testimonial of
the aesthetical consciousness of the concrete-historical man, in connection
with achievements of the public activities, is the actual one. The author of
this information gives a conceptual substantiation of the structure of the
aesthetical consciousness of ancient man in the process of formation of the
Paleolithic Culture.
Cheremisin D. V., Okt‘abr’skaya I. V. The hunters
among the rocks (an interpretation of the hunt scenes of the petroglyphical
Dzhuramal ensemble in the Mountain Altai.
In this paper, the original materials from the Kara-Ghem Canyon are
introduced into scientific turn. The hunt scenes, as well as depictions of
armed people and arms on the rocks of Dzhuramal are the subjects of the autors’
research. The stylistic analysis and interpretation of the depicted topics, as
well as datings of the latter are given in the context of the mythological
tradition.
L’ubimova G. V. Means of drought-fighting in the
traditional ceremonial rites of the Russian peasants of Western Siberia (to the
problem of the ritual functions of the female socio-age groups).
On the base of the field work materials, in this paper, means of
drought-fighting, used in the first decades of the current century by different
ethno-confessional groups of the Eastern Slav population of Western Siberia,
such as the Siberians – Old Residents, Chaldons, Old-Believers and the Russian
migrators of the later periods, are examined.
For the first time, the Siberian materials allow to fix the archaic rite
of “the river ploughing”. Until quite recently, information about the latter,
in the Eastern Slav ethnographical literature, represented itself the scant
data. By the method of the historico-typological comparisons the ritual
functions of the femail socio-age groups, that look part in the typologically
similar rites, are investigated by the author too.
Badmaev A. A. The Buddhism and the traditional trades
of the Buryats. History and the present.
The paper is devoted to the historical relations between such
interesting phenomena of the Buryat Culture as the Buddhism and the traditional
trades. On the base of the archives, field and literary sources, the author
outlines the traces of influence of the Buddhism upon the Buryat trades. A
special attention is given to the today’s state of the examined phenomena of
the Buryat Culture, as well as to the perspectives of preservation of the close
relations of the trades and the Buddhism.
Baulo A. V. The sacribicial coverlets of the Ob’
Ugrians with depictions of horses.
The paper is devoted to examination of the poorly known type of the cult
attributes of the Ob’ Ugrians – the sacrifical coverlets with depictions of
horses, which, in the author’s opinion, represented themselves one of the
important stages in the process of evolution of the sacrificial coverlets at
the peoples of North-Western Siberia for the space of the IInd millennium A. D.
The detailed description of the examined coverlets is given and their
importance in the religious and ritual practice of the Khants and the Mansi is
laid bare.
Matochkin Ye. P. A bowman and a bird in the
petroglyphs of Kara-Ghem.
A rock-drawing with depiction of a bird and a bowman shooting at it was
discovered among the petroglyphs of Kara-Ghem, a tributary of the Argut River,
in the south-eastern part of the Altai. In the paper, the thorough analysis of
this drawing is carried out. The geometrical scheme of the latter allows to fix
12 approximately equal angles. The average value of these angles is almost the
same as that of the angle of the obliquity of the ecliptic to the plane of the
heavenly equator. The minimum and maximum declination of the Sun in the days of
equinoxes and solstices are connected, in the drawing, with arrival of the
Bird-Sun, its marriage with the celestial shot, with birth of nestlings and the
posterior recurrence of the events. The examined rock-drawing relates,
probably, to the IVth century B. C.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ
* Перевод
И.Ларичевой