SUMMARY*

* Translated by Inna Laricheva.

Krasil’nikov, S.A. Academy of Sciences and Siberia: dynamics of organization of the scientific investigations in the 1930s.

The paper is devoted to analysis of the dynamics of forms and priorities of the Academy of Sciences’ activities in the 30s of the current century. In it, some peculiarities of the regional scientific policy, those of formation of the scientific system (projects of organization of branches of the AS of the USSR in Siberia, development of the Research Institutes in the latter),as well as positions of the regional authorities, the central government departments and the Presidium of the AS, concerning the concrete problems of organization in the scientific research sphere, are examined. The main attention is paid to analysis of interaction of the Academy with regional and departmental structures, to the influence of these relations on the process of study and scientific development of Siberia, to the alteration in the forms and trends of the activities of the AS in the region (composite expeditionary researches, great scientific conferences, with generalization of the results of the scientific works and so on).

Vilkov, O.N. The Yakut fair of the XVIIth – the beginning of the XXth century.

In the paper, for the first time, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the dynamics of infrastructure of the Yakut fair is given. Taking into consideration a great number of the diverse material relating to a large time interval (from the first half of the XVIIth up to the beginning of the XXth century), the author draws to the conclusion that the Yakut fair, including the whole town, was the main one among the local fairs, co-operated with them and represented itself one of the significant centres of the All-Russian market trade connected, in its turn, with the world one. It served as the point in which the local fur and other wares from the whole vast territory of North-East Asia were perchased in exchange for the imported native and foreign goods and taken farther to Siberia, to European Russia and abroad – in China, the Middle Asia, Western Europe etc.

Matkhanova, N.P. The condition of the Russian provincial official class in the middle of the XIXth century: the laws and life.

The paper is devoted to one of the most actual subjects. The author proposes a new approach to its examination. Making comparison of the historical sources of different types, she puts the problem of alignment of the legislation and reality with reference to the most important category of population. The N.P.Matkhanova’ conclusion about the existence of the generally excepted norm unfixed by the laws, which determined the real condition of the official class, the way of its life and its material security, seems to be rather convincing. Her hypothesis about the appearance, in connection with Reforms of the 1860s, of some new symptoms in the life of the examined class of the Russian society is of especial interest. The paper throws a new light on the history of the Russian bureaucracy.

Alisov, D.A. The infrastructure of the Tobol’sk town culture in the second half of the XIXth – the beginning of the XXth century.

In this paper, the thorough analysis of the state of infrastructure of the Tobol’sk town in the second half of the XIXth – the beginning of the XXth century is carried out in many respects on the base of the materials kept in the funds of the Tobol’sk Archives. The urgency of the paper is in the fact that this period of time in the history of Tobol’sk is insufficiently studied, in comparison with the preceding one. Moreover, the examination is based on the conception of transition from the feudal-group society to the undisguised one, characterized by the development of a series of social organizations and institutions, those representing interests of not only some individuals but also certain groups of town-dwellers.

In the examined epoch, the appearance of Siberian towns undergoes essential changes, the municipal cultural field became more extended, the habits and behaviour of the townspeople were changed too. And the significant part in these processes the proper infrastructure of culture played.

Sagaidachnyy, A.N. The birth-rate and death-rate in villages of Western Siberia, in the second half of the XIXth – the beginning of the XXth century (according to the materials of the Tarsk District of the Tobol’sk Province).

The paper is devoted to the important aspects of one of the most actual problems of the historical demography of Siberia of the second half of the XIXth – the beginning of the XXth century. For the first time in the historical investigation, the author has drawn in the extremely informative but practically unused until quite recently, source – the registers of birth, death and marriages. The employment of the modern information technologies allowed him to obtain the data concerning the average duration of the forthcoming life in ages, calculated in the framework of the composed tables of death-rate, as well as some other important characteristics and parameters of the demographical processes that took place in villages of Western Siberia (coefficients of birth-rate and those of death-rate). The reasons of the infantile death-rate have been subjected to a special analysis, as well as those of women and men of all ages. The problem of close interconnection between the cycle of agricultural works, the church calendar and the demographical processes, the one examined by he author, deserves a special attention too.

Pystina, L.I. The favourable conditions and priveleges of the intelligentsia in the Soviet Russia of the 1920th.

The theme of favourable conditions and privileges of the Russian intelligentsia of the first decade of the Soviet form of gavernment is not enough studied in the historical aspect. The author tries to untie the “tangle of contradictions” having the following essence: the Soviet State strove for maintenance of relatively high level of the material security of intelligentsia and, at the same time, put into practice of different kind discrimination of that very intelligentsia. In the paper, first of all, the ways of the study of this problem are examined. For the purpose, the sphere and character of the existed favourable conditions and privileges, the material and legal ones, are analysed .In particular, the extent of efficacy of the latter is revealed, for a good deal of different decisions were left without their realization. The varieties of payment for labour apart from salary are examined here too. The documental confirmation of the fact that the State tried to do payment of the intellectual labour relatively high, but the latter has never been the such one due to the endless economic difficulties, seems to be the important one.

Terayama K. Militarization of the railways in the Far East of the USSR (1931–1934).

In the paper, one of the important but poorly investigated aspects of the problem connected with elaboration, adoption and realization of the Soviet transport ( railway ) policy ,in the East of the country, in the first half of the 1930s, is examined. The author introduces into scientific turn the materials of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of (Bolsheviks) and the Committees created by the latter. These materials reveal the aims and mechanism of realization of militarization of the railways, those of strengthening of the bureaucratic control of the Centre over the outlying and strategically important regions of the country and the one of creation of the emergency organs (political departments) at this branch of transport. The close interaction in the sphere of development of railways, in the East of the country, of such structures as the Party and State, military and punitive organs is shown too.

Pavlova I.V. Interpretation of sources in the history of Russia of the 1930s.

In the paper, an extremely important problem of the study of the Stalin’s totalitarian regime is put. The solution of this problem determines the further advancement on those lines of the historical science. The author draws the historians’ attention to the necessity of further elaboration of the methodology and methodics of investigation of the regime. The proposed approach to historical sources, as well as the method of logical reconstruction of the historical process, can help in overcoming of the previous ‘’Stalin’s’’ picture of the Soviet Russia of the 30s. I.V.Pavlova also puts the problem of moral position of scientists in elucidating the antihuman actions of the Stalin’s regime, and this, in its turn, seems to be done in a good time.

Panich, T.V. “The Writing to Counsellors” of Afanasiy Kholmogorskiy: Materials of biography of Peter Artemyev.

The paper is devoted to analysis and publication to one of the hand-written sources of the end of the XVIIth century which contain new evidence to biography of Peter Artemyev, one of the representatives of the transitional period in the Russian Culture. The author draws in to the textological analysis three copies of the Afanasiy Kholmogorskiy’s work. One of the copies has not been studied earlier in comparison with the other two. The analysis contains new information about the events and dates previously unknown (the circumstances of death of Peter Artemyev and the date of his death}. Thus, the new copy of “The Writing to Counsellors”, written by Afanasiy Kholmogorskiy, allows to eliminate the gaps in the Peter Artemyev’s biography, whose personality,creative work and views are of certain interest for those engaged in the study of complicated historical and cultural events in Russia of the end of the XVIIth century.

Zhurova, L.I. Messages of Maxim Greka to Fiodor Karpov against the Latins.

In the paper, some aspects of history of the text of two early works of Maxim Greka are examined, – “The Story about Latins” and “The Story about the second, casting gloom over the heads, Latin malignant gossip”. The textological analysis is based on investigation of almost three dozens of hand-written copies of the XVIth – XVIIIth centuries, the vast messages of Maxim Greka to well-known public man, diplomat and publicist Fiodor Karpov. The results of the work carried out by the author fill a gap in the study of the creative work of Maxim Greka. The problem of the textological study of the latter was put long ago by the native scientists, and, in this respect, the author introduces a fresh note into its solution. She has carried out the thorough analysis of the both hand-written texts, described their relations to each other and determined the initial version of these messages.

Zol’nikova, N.D. The interconfessional polemics of the Siberian Old Believers in the XXth century.

The paper is devoted to practically completely uninvestigated subject of the interconfessional discussions among the Old Believers of Siberia, in the XXth century. In it, the problems of ideology of this stratum of peasantry, its attitude to the post-revolutionary authorities, the becoming aware of themselves as the chosen ones in the surrounding world are examined. The author recognizes the parameters, according to which the Old Believers distinguished “their owns” from “strangers” in the course of self-identification.